Spanish (Catalonia or Valencia) Plug Bayonet, ca. 1800

The plug bayonet originated in the Pyrenees region of Northern Spain and it is Spain which
used the plug bayonet after it had been abandoned by other countries.  This example with
distinctive straight brass half-round guard, generally only found in Catalonia and Valencia.
The grip is of horn, which is more common in Spain than other countries.  Unmarked
slightly hollow-ground 12" blade of wedge section with short ricasso.  The bayonets of this
region are rarely maker-marked, though Barcelona had an extensive cutlery industry, with
80 blade marks registered with the cutlers’ guild in 1834.  The blade fairly clean on one
side and with patches of light pitting on the other.  Overall length 17".  Very similar
example illustrated in “The Plug Bayonet”, by R.D.C. Evans, from the author’s collection,
fig. 329.

Though probably originating around 1550, the plug bayonet had a relatively short span of
use from around 1650-1720 (except in Spain where they were used to the end of the19th
C).  Their rise in popularity largely paralleled the development of standing armies in
Europe, which were realizing the importance of the musketeer, while at the same time not
wanting to wholly abandon the pike.  In this sense the plug bayonet can be considered a
transitional weapon.  However, despite its use as a dagger on its own, it was soon found to
be impractical since it’s use prevented the musket from being fired.  Countless soldiers
also found great difficulties in removing a stuck plug bayonet from the muzzle, rendering
the musket useless as a firearm.  Many were damaged while being removed and as a
result relatively few survive.  For these reasons it was soon superseded by the socket
bayonet, which did not affect the musket’s ability to fire and could much more easily be
removed.